The art aspect of (Al-Rowshan) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The craftsmanship part of (Al-Rowshan) - Essay Example An Al-Rowshan is a fundamental area of a building’s facing henceforth, its plans is imperative to the design of the property. Al-Rowshan styles have changed throughout the years to reflect changes in basic plans, building and development materials. The antiquated Maltese Al-Rowshan is a wooden shut Al-Rowshan jutting from a divider. Then again, Juliet Al-Rowshans doesn't extend out of the structure. They are regularly an area of the upper floor, slender inside and out with a balustrade at the front alone2. Various types of Al-Rowshans have been applied in depicting the fanciful lovers’ scene and the famous ones at the Verona manor isn't a Juliet Al-Rowshan in the genuine structure sense. French or swinging doors are encircled by Juliet overhangs and license them to be opened inwards for high light and air circulation, while shielding occupants from dropping out. They are not seen as genuine overhangs while viably filling in as limitation since they need stage to remain on. All things considered, Juliet overhangs stay to be popular as of now the manner in which they used to be numerous years back and are an extremely proficient methods for adding an open air feel to an indoor space. Outside overhangs were upheld by corbels fabricated from progressive courses of stonework, or by huge stone/wooden sections during the renaissance and medieval periods. Cast iron, strengthened concrete and different materials are utilized generally to help galleries since the nineteenth century3. Al-Rowshan/overhangs in Britain Juliet galleries in the UK go back to the late Georgian period when draftsmen determined them to offer great homes an unmistakable appearance. They were from the outset created in fancy styles of fashioned iron, they were shallow, rectangular and spread over the thickness of drawing room windows on the property’s first floor. Cast iron railings were developing in popularity by the mid 19thC with style directing expansion of old style struc tures to substitute the drove finials of the antiquated occasions. Plans were seen generally across urban communities and towns like London, Cheltenham and Bath as they turned out to be progressively mind boggling. The large scale manufacturing and lower cost of cast iron in the Regency time prompted its broad use in exceptionally brightening Juliet Al-Rowshans joining subtleties like urns and acorns4. Various prototype apartments of the time had full length scarf windows that could be opened completely with cast iron Juliet Al-Rowshans offering the fundamental security. Ironwork proceeded to be applied for Victorian needs with first-floor before the inexorably well known French windows. Draftsmen were driven by the acknowledgment of the benefits of normal light to look for new methods for improving sunlight in a home. Better glassmaking strategies empowered the assembling of bigger, less expensive and more grounded windows of glass with less coating bars for use in French windows s imultaneously. This was a thunder period for Al-Rowshans5. The Victorian likewise took inspiration from Europe to develop their remarkable renditions of Juliet Al-Rowshans again utilizing ironwork to incredible elaborate impact. Overhangs were took them to a whole new level by the Edwardians who expanded their sizes to extend over a few window. They were utilized by bigger houses to appreciate increased open air space and balustrading was developed from created iron or cut white wood. The move to higher lodging densities and increased utilization of Brownfield

Is Murdoch empire will collapse Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Is Murdoch realm will crumple - Article Example In spite of the fact that she was conceived in the year 1968, by and by, her relationship with the utilization of brain science to oversee the majority relates back to the nineteenth century. She got hitched to the extraordinary grandson of Sigmund Freud †a psychoanalyst who is notable for his work on transference, oblivious brain and sexual drive. Her significant other, Mathew Freud, is PR magnate too. This marriage related Elizabeth Murdoch to the Freud’s cousin, Edward Bernays who is known as the dad of advertising and purposeful publicity. The associations of the Murdoch family depend on that premise as their own and expert motivation is one of controlling personalities through keeping up advertising and consequently, controlling the news. They changed the data in to diversion to occupy the individuals for their own advantage. The Rupert’s possessions have been spoiled in three landmasses, up until now. He must be affirmed before the British Parliament. A few i ndividuals from the internal hover of the New Corp have surrendered or been captured. Julia Gillard, the Prime Minister of Australia has pronounced that News Corp’s Holdings might need to confront a request in her nation.

Globalisation States Discussion

Globalization is a novel procedure in that it represents the speedy incorporation that social orders on the planet are experiencing while at the same time making new difficulties whose arrangements are urgent to the drawn out endurance of the planet.Advertising We will compose a custom basic composing test on Globalization States Discussion explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More There has been a development of worldwide dangers that compromise security, soundness and success of the now firmly interconnected worldwide frameworks. With expanded global participation on practically all fronts, there is an improved probability of hazard unreservedly multiplying effectively and undetected across outskirts. The imperfect universal framework that is set up is progressively unfit to address the novel difficulties that face globalization. Consequently, the injured framework is loaded with configuration blames that make it hard for the framework to stand up to difficulties intro duced by the instability of the contemporary world association. In contemporary world governmental issues, both national and worldwide approach making is feeble and divided and consequently unfit to contain complex issues, for example, fear mongering and financial emergencies prompting disastrous worldwide emergencies with sweeping political impacts. Luckily, the worldwide request that has been set by globalization is to a great extent a result of political and monetary requests that exists on the planet today. Through discussions, for example, the G7 and G20, globalization is variable. Given most globalization patterns are affected by complex socio, financial and political elements, ability of these dynamic’s sources is vital to changing the course of globalization. Global Organization and Institutions Contemporary world governmental issues is formed by worldwide associations that more often than not talk and advance the motivation of the nations they speak to. The most pred ominant associations today in contemporary world governmental issues incorporate both political and monetary groupings, for example, the UN, EU, G7, AU, ASEAN, NAFTA and WTO whose deliver world legislative issues is plainly noticeable. In addition, there are set up foundations like the US, a sovereign country, which is by a wide margin the most persuasive and generally amazing of all world groupings.Advertising Looking for basic composition on sociologies? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Faced with developing difficulties, universal associations are continually experiencing changes that help in moderating global emergencies. For example, a portion of these associations like the EU, NATO and AU have built up military wings intended to battle emergencies, for example, fear mongering and opiates dealing. They have likewise set up ground-breaking secretariats some with authoritative committees to make laws on issues, for exampl e, movement, which apply over the part nations. In spite of their job in fighting worldwide emergencies, these associations have additionally been blamed for making the very issues they are intended to address. Disappointment by these associations to act like on account of UN’s disappointment in Rwanda, and foundation of toothless bodies inside them has added to the beginning or acceleration of certain emergencies. At times, these bodies assume an immediate job in the beginning and heightening of emergencies for example the war in Afghanistan that was begun by the US and UK and upheld by UN and NATO. Discretion and International Law Diplomacy and worldwide law have consistently been the favored component to understand global emergencies. In any case, they have both experienced a great deal of advancement since World War II. There is expanded application on the utilization of financial approvals, arms bans and compulsion through delicate force for nations to sign global bargai ns such the atomic non-Proliferation Treaty that is intended to battle spread of atomic weapons. Reaction by countries to worldwide emergencies is changed. Existing worldwide laws and discretionary conventions have reestablished rational soundness to the manner in which nations react to global emergencies. As a rule, numerous nations utilize set up channels like agent review to dissent to apparent worldwide wrongs.Advertising We will compose a custom basic composing test on Globalization States Discussion explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Though numerous nations do repeat a claim of the authority to one-sided strike on apparent foe countries, there is accord among countries that associations, for example, the UN need to assume an essential job before such a radical advance is taken. A portion of the worldwide bodies offer discretionary stages on which world emergencies are settled. Some like the UN and G7 have impressive impact in settling and additionally turni ng away these emergencies. While the UN is real and appropriate for this job, the G7 is employs extensive impact in conciliatory circles on account of their enormous riches. Notwithstanding this impact in any case, the UN is an increasingly genuine stage since all countries remember it and has set up built up instruments that can manage such issues. Struggle and Intervention in World Politics The UN Charter that sets up the association bans the utilization of or risk to the utilization of power against sovereign regions as well as in a way that contradicts UN guidelines. Notwithstanding, a state (s) can intercede past their national fringes by utilization of military power inside another country’s region for motivations behind shielding regular citizens from genuine or saw abominations so as to deflect a philanthropic emergency as was for the situation in Libya. Such intercession on philanthropic grounds difficulties state power in that notwithstanding the helpful connotation s, a country’s freedom and right to non-outside impedance is disregarded. As I would see it, this confinement on sway is inappropriate since it can without much of a stretch become the beginning of ceaseless clash, destabilizing in any case stable social orders which wind up turning out to be reproducing reason for criminal elements.Advertising Searching for basic composition on sociologies? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Qualifications among political and compassionate and political mediation are real since they help in characterizing the degree to which countries can meddle in one another’s undertakings. This basic composition on Globalization States Discussion was composed and put together by client Namor to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

Body Ritual Among the Nacirema - 948 Words

January 26, 2013 Horace Minor applied satire in his article â€Å"Body Ritual among the Nacirema.† to the culture of the American people. Several ways in which â€Å"Body Ritual among the Nacirema† relate to the core concepts of sociology are through the use of sociological imagination, ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. The American culture is described by Minor in a very unique and humorous way. The author uses satire to examine the rituals that are every day in American culture. The reader thinks at the beginning of the article that they are reading about some uncivilized tribe of people but soon realized that the â€Å"rituals† that are being performed are just everyday events that take place in every American household. Miner describes the†¦show more content†¦In the 1950’s, medical facilities were not what they are today, and I think Miner wanted to raise awareness regarding issues in medical clinics, psychiatric practices, and in dental offices. At that time there were many bizarre treatments in psychiatric facilities and most were just a place to lock up mental patients to remove them from society. Starting in the 1950’s, there has been major changes in the medical community. Practices performed in psychiatry and dental offices have changed dramatically as well and certainly wouldn’t compare to the procedures described of the Nacirema tribe. One could feel sorry for the tribe being written about and disapprove of our own culture when viewing it using the sociological perspective. Miner writes in one of the introduction paragraphs that â€Å"the magical beliefs and practices of the Nacirema present such unusual aspects that it seems desirable to describe them as an example of the extremes to which human behavior can go,† (Minor, 1956) Teeth brushing, dental visits, and hair drying are things that seem like normal behaviors. Even the obsession of women’s breast sizes are accepted as normal and certainly haven’t changed since the 1950’s. Minor’s description of these behaviors make them sound foreign and we feel sympathy towards the behavior’s in this â€Å"tribe†. In the end, while some may not relate popular American culture with the article,Show MoreRelatedThe Body Ritual Among the Nacirema737 Words   |  3 Pages The Body Ritual Among the Nacirema The Body Ritual Among the Nacirema As an individual coming to investigate American civilization through the observation of cultural activities, I find the ritual of medicine men and women (doctors, psychiatrists and pharmacists) very interesting. â€Å"Medicine man or medicine woman are  English  terms used to describe  traditional healers  and spiritual leaders among  Native American  and otherRead MoreBody Ritual Among the Nacirema1031 Words   |  5 PagesBody Ritual among the Nacirema Name Course Sociology Date 6/12/2013 Body Ritual among the Nacirema Horace Miner in the article, Body Ritual Among the Nacirema depicts a society that is growing naturally, but which has transformed itself into a ritual tribe. In this article, the tribe, Nacirema, is a tribe that has transformed itself naturally and which has incorporated a lot of beliefs and religious tendency forRead MoreBody Rituals Among the Nacirema1097 Words   |  5 PagesBody Rituals Among the Nacirema Abstract This study examines Horace Miner’s essay â€Å"Body Rituals Among the Nacirema. While using the participant observation approach, he gives us a new perspective on the daily behaviors within this group of people. Exploring ethnocentrism and how we view cultures outside of our own. Horace Miner was a professor for the University of Michigan. He sought out to teach young people the importance of cultural anthropology. (Horace Mitchell Miner - Wikipedia, theRead MoreBody Rituals Among the Nacirema Essay925 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Body Rituals Among the Nacirema, â€Å" by Horace Miner, is an essay written about the Nacirema, or American people, from an outsider’s perspective. Miner gives an insight on the Nacireman people, which he describes in his essay as an unknown tribe, and the completing of the Nacireman’s magical beliefs and practices, which involve daily, involuntary body rituals that cause much pain and discomfort. Miner shows how an outsider’s perspective can affect the way a culture is seen. In his essay, Miner usesRead More Body Ritual Among the Nacirema Essay699 Words   |  3 PagesBody Ritual Among the Nacirema What is the precise geographical location of this strange tribe, the Nacirema? The Nacirema is a North American group living in the territory between the Canadian Cree, the Yaqui and Tarahumare of Mexico, and the Carib and Arawak of the Antilles. Little is known of their origin, though tradition states that they came from the east. What are the private and secret shrines of the Nacirema? In the Nacirema, the belief is that the human body is ugly andRead MoreBody Ritual Among the Nacirema Essay822 Words   |  4 PagesWould you want to live among the Naciremas? Why or why not? After reading Horace Miner’s Body Ritual Among the Nacirema I cannot say that I would want to be part of the tribe. A huge reason would be that I could never go from my own Christian faith to the religious practices of the Nacirema. My second reason for not wanting to be part of the tribe is that I could never be subjected to the horrific medical practices and â€Å"magical potions† used on every citizen in the tribe. One of the fundamentalRead MoreBody Rituals Among the Nacirema Tribe421 Words   |  2 PagesBody rituals among the Nacirema tribe The story relates to how we seek perfection on our bodies. It demonstrates how people will perform extreme procedures to achieve perfection, and even after this they will still feel they are ugly and not perfect. The rituals performed by the Nacirema tribe may seem inhumane, but if compared to our current culture and the procedures people perform on their bodies there is no much difference. I viewed the things they did as bizarre, but on close analysis of ourRead MoreSummary of Body Ritual Among the Nacirema Essay726 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Body Ritual Among the Nacirema† Summary In the essay â€Å"Body Ritual Among the Nacirema†, anthropologist Horace Miner depicts a group of people known as the â€Å"Nacirema†, but is referring to Americans, whose cultural beliefs are deeply rooted in the perspective that the human body is prune to sickness and disfiguration. Consequently, a substantial part of their lives is spent on unusual rituals and customs to improve conditions of the body that are filled with magical components. Moreover, Miner usesRead More Horace Miner’s Body Ritual Among the Nacirema Essay596 Words   |  3 PagesHorace Miner’s Body Ritual Among the Nacirema In Horace Miner’s article, â€Å"Body Ritual Among the Nacirema†, he talks about a tribe and describes their odd behavior. He tells about how the tribe performs these strange daily rituals and how their peculiarity is extreme, but in fact he is actually speaking of Americans as a whole (Miner). Miner uses this style of writing to more effectively prove his point: that Americans are ethnocentric. Miner does an exceptional job in disguisingRead MoreAnthropology Analysis of Body Ritual Among the Nacirema Essay996 Words   |  4 Pagesin writing this article was not to show the â€Å"Nacirema† as an example of how extreme human behavior can become, but how an outside perspective can affect your perception of an alien culture. If one were to look at the â€Å"Nacirema’s† cultural behaviors regarding physical appearance and health without any insight or knowledge of the specific beliefs or values of that culture, they might seem bizarre and even incomprehensible. By showing behaviors and â€Å"rituals† performed by this unknown tribe, Miner allowed

History of the Global Positioning System or GPS

Juvenile in the Adult Prison - 1351 Words

Juvenile Delinquency December 3, 2014 Juveniles in The Adult Prison Children as young as 14 years old have been tried as adults and are sentenced to die in prison without considering their age and the factors that led the individual to commit the offense. Society believes that a juvenile should be tried as an adult because it will help them understand the consequences of their actions, however, children and teenagers that commit crimes are too young and they don’t have the mental ability to understand the consequences of their actions. These juveniles are not aware of what they are going to face behind the adult’s prison bars. According to the National Juvenile Justice Network, it states, â€Å" 200,000 youths are tried, sentenced, or†¦show more content†¦How does society expect to help these young individuals to become better for society when the adult prisons fail to take care of them? According to Campaign for Youth, it provides facts that 40% of jails did not provide education services at all and only 11% provided special education services. It shows that a lot of juveniles are not getting a proper education. Education is the key to help these young individuals to earn a second chance when they are released from jail. Most teenagers in an adult prison don’t know how to write or read. The felony murder rule it’s dangerous for juveniles but it benefits prosecutors and police officers since they don’t have to do further investigation. Juveniles are unmindful of the felony-murder rule. â€Å"26 percent of juveniles offenders sentenced to life without parole nationwide were convicted of felony murder,† according to Ryan Holle and most of these kids are convicted because they were at the wrong place and wrong time. It affects juveniles because they like to hang out in groups. Most of the crimes done by juveniles are in groups. The law fails to consider the other person’s actions were unintended or did not know someone was getting a killed at the time, they just happened t o be there. It’s wrong to prison a juvenile for something that individual didn’t do. Society does not take into account that juvenile’s brain is still not fully developed when they are committing crimes. The frontal lobe of the brain is in responsible forShow MoreRelatedEssay on Juveniles in Adult Prisons1612 Words   |  7 PagesJuveniles in Adult Prisons A deep look into juveniles in adult prisons. Touch bases on several smaller issues that contribute to juveniles being in and effects of adult prisons. The United States Bureau of Prisons handles two hundred and thirty-nine juveniles and their average age is seventeen. Execution of juveniles, The United States is one of only six countries to execute juveniles. There are sixty-eight juveniles sitting on death row for crimes committed as juveniles. Forty-three ofRead MoreJuvenile Rehabilitation: Adult Prison vs. Juvenile Incarceration1703 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile Rehabilitation: Adult Prisons vs. Juvenile Incarceration Maureen Fries-Labra English 122 Anna Hopson December 14, 2009 Juvenile Rehabilitation: Adult Prisons vs. Juvenile Incarceration The criminal justice system has a branch for juvenile offenders. Established in the early twentieth century; it is the responsibility of this division to decide the fates of youthful offenders. This is administered by family court with support of social workers and family. With the increased numberRead MoreJuveniles Should Not Be Tried For Adult Prison1911 Words   |  8 Pages In the recent years, cases of juvenile crimes have been decreasing to its lower rates since the 1980’s which is good. However, there are still plenty of juvenile crimes happening. There has been a big debate going on about whether juveniles should be tried as adults or juveniles, and things just keep getting more and more out of hand. Juveniles are being tried as adults and that is unacceptable. Juveniles should not be tried in adult courts regardless of their crime because they are simply not preparedRead MoreSynthesis Essay- Juvenile Incarceration Into Adult Prisons1414 Words   |  6 PagesBoettch er 10/21/15 Pd.3 Synthesis Essay- Juvenile Incarceration into Adult Prisons Childhood is a time in which memories are created, adventures are explored and social awareness begins to develop. The events that occur during childhood are pivotal in the development of a healthy and substantial life. However, what if those experiences were taken from a child? What would the outcome be if a child could not experience what it is like to be young? Juvenile incarceration strips a person of their childhoodRead MoreIncarceration in An Adult Prison Increases Juvenile Crime Essay1751 Words   |  8 Pagesmeasures towards juvenile delinquency. Today juvenile law is governed by state and many states have enacted a juvenile code. However, in numerous cases, juveniles are transferred to adult court when juvenile courts waive or relinquish jurisdiction. Adolescents should not be tried in the adult court system or sentenced to adult penitentiarys on account of: teen brains are not mature which causes a lack of understanding towards the system, incarceration in an adult facilit y increases juvenile crime, andRead MoreThe Constitutionality Of The Juvenile Justice System1634 Words   |  7 PagesThe juvenile justice system has grown and changed substantially since 1899, when the nation’s first juvenile court was established in Illinois. Originally, the court process was informal often nothing more than a conversation between the youth and the judge and the defendant lacked legal representation. To replace confinement in jails with adults, the early juvenile courts created a probation system and used a separate service delivery system to provide minors with supervision, guidance, and educationRead MoreJuvenile Offenders And The Juvenile Justice System950 Words   |  4 Pages Since 1899 when the juvenile justice system was first created it has undergone quite a series of changes relative to how they go about the overall handling of juvenile offenders in the criminal justice system. In most states the only way for juveniles to be tried as adults is if they are over the age of 16 or if they have committed a violent crime such as rape or assault but recently many juveniles are being tried as adults for even far lesser crimes. It also has been well documented for a numberRead MoreShould Juvenile Offenders Be Considered?1521 Words   |  7 PagesShould juvenile offenders be considered a source of fear and subjected to incarceration in adult prisons or a part of society worthy of being rehabilitated? Juvenile delinquents are feared by many today. They are revered as violent, superpredators, a generation lost without a cause and without ethics or morals. Some may say that it becomes an act in futility to try to find a solution to the increased crime rate when it comes to juvenile offenders. In an effort to find a solution, any solutionRead MoreJuvenile Crime Law Is A Subcategory Of Juvenile Law937 Words   |  4 PagesJuvenile Crime Law is a subcategory of Juvenile Law. Although a type of criminal law, juvenile crime law only de als with under-age individuals, who are treated very differently than adults in criminal law, and usually have their own courts of law (Juvenile Criminal Law, n.d.). When it comes to crime, kids usually go through a different process than adults. But they still have to face consequences (Juvenile Crimes Juvenile Justice - Nolo.com, n.d.). Juvenile Criminal Law is a relevant issue inRead MoreComparing The Geo Group Inc. And The Campaign For Youth Justice1263 Words   |  6 PagesSociety has been plagued by the issue of juveniles being charged as adults and thus being sent to adult prisons. The problem surrounding this issue is that the youth are being forced to share cells with adult inmates; this leaves them more susceptible to assault. There are two stakeholders who hold opposite perspectives surrounding this: the GEO Group Inc. and the Campaign for Youth Justice. The Campaign for Youth Justice is fighting against this issue, whilst the GEO Group doesn t consider the

Late Century free essay sample

C 20 Notes What two issues dominated national politics in the 1 sass and sass? The money supply and civil-service reform What happened to James Garfield presidency? It never really got started because he was assassinated soon after coming to office. Describe voter participation during the late nineteenth century. It was generally very highusually from 80 percent up to 95 percent. Why did the federal government tend to ignore the social consequences of industrialization during the late nineteenth century?Most American leaders, regardless of party, believed in the laissez-fairer citrine and did not support a large governmental role in the economy. Where was the Democratic Party strongest in the late nineteenth century? The South What is the Bankers: position on the money supply? Limit, because it would create economic stability What did the civil-service reformers of the late sass and early sass want? A civil service staffed by gentlemen who needed nothing and wanted nothing from government except the satisfaction of using their talents. We will write a custom essay sample on Late Century or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What were goals of the Greenback party?What is the tariff policy of the administration of Benjamin Harrison? A record-high tariff What did the Pendleton Act do? It initiated civil-service reform. Describe the 1 884 presidential campaign. Mumps bolted from the Republican Party. Cleveland admitted he had fathered an illegitimate child. A clergyman denounced Democrats as the party of rum, Aryanism, and rebellion. The Republicans nominated a candidate who Waveland in spoils like a rhinoceros in an African pool. What impact did the McKinley tariff have on tariff rates? It raised tariffs to the highest levels in American history up until that time. What was the Grange?AKA the Patrons of Husbandry It was an organization of farmers that provided social, political and economic support and community What was the main importance of the governments establishment of the Interstate Commerce Commission? It ended the ability of states to regulate railroads within their boundaries. What was the initial commitment of the farmers alliance movement. The movement initially advocated farmers cooperatives and eventually turned to politics. What did Southern Alliance leader Charles Menace argue? Farmers should be able to store crops in government warehouses and then borrow against those crops until prices rose.During the late nineteenth century, what was the relationship between the southern agrarian protest movement and southern attitudes toward blacks? Some Populists wanted to build an interracial movement and tried to defend the rights of blacks. Most southern populists were anti-black but some populists denounced lynching and the convict-lease system. The white elite tried to inflame agrarian racism and stimulate urban black sentiment against agrarian radicalism. What were the goals of the Populist party? It wanted the government to nationalize the railroads. It wanted an increased money supply. It wanted to elect U.S. Senators directly. It wanted to enact a graduated income tax. What tools did southern states use to disenfranchise blacks after Reconstruction ? Literacy tests, poll taxes, grandfather clauses, property requirements In late-nineteenth-century cases dealing with the rights of blacks, what did the Supreme Court decide? What did the Supreme Court argue in Please v. Racial segregation was constitutional as long as each race had equal facilities. What did the separate but equal doctrine mean? As long as facilities were equivalent, they did not have to be integrated. What did Booker T. Washington argue?